Infrastructure

Cloud Computing

Provision of IT resources (servers, storage, databases, AI) over the internet on demand – instead of your own hardware. Flexible scaling and pay-as-you-go.

Cloud computing has fundamentally changed IT. Instead of running their own data centres, companies use IT resources over the internet – from single servers to full AI platforms. Over 90% of companies use at least one cloud service. The question is no longer whether to use the cloud but which cloud strategy to use.

What is Cloud Computing?

Cloud computing is the on-demand provision of IT resources (compute, storage, databases, networks, software, AI) over the internet. Instead of buying and operating hardware, companies rent resources from cloud providers and pay for use (pay-as-you-go). Three service models: IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) – virtual servers, storage, networks; PaaS (Platform as a Service) – development platforms including runtime and databases; SaaS (Software as a Service) – ready-made applications like Office 365, Salesforce, Slack. And three deployment models: public cloud (shared), private cloud (dedicated), hybrid (both).

How does Cloud Computing work?

Providers run large data centres worldwide. Virtualisation and containers split physical servers into many isolated VMs or containers. Users provision resources via API, CLI or web console in seconds. Auto-scaling adjusts capacity to load. Load balancers distribute traffic. Redundancy across Availability Zones provides high availability. Billing is by actual usage, often by the second.

Practical Examples

SaaS startup: Hosts a Next.js app on Vercel (frontend) and AWS (backend), scales with growth, pays a few euros per month at first.

Mid-size migration: Company moves Exchange to Microsoft 365, file server to SharePoint, ERP server to Azure VMs – less IT staff and fewer outages.

AI training: ML team rents GPU servers on Google Cloud for 3 days, trains the model and releases resources – €500 instead of €50,000 for GPUs.

Disaster recovery: Critical systems replicated to AWS Frankfurt; if the local data centre fails, the cloud takes over in minutes.

E-commerce peak: Shop scales from 2 to 50 servers for Black Friday and back on Monday – pay only for the spike.

Typical Use Cases

Web hosting and SaaS: Run websites, web apps and SaaS in the cloud

Development and testing: On-demand environments for dev, test and staging

Big data and analytics: Data lakes, warehouses and ML pipelines in the cloud

Disaster recovery: Cloud as backup for business continuity

IoT and edge: Cloud backend for millions of devices with edge extension

Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages

No upfront investment: No hardware purchase or data centre lease
Elastic scaling: Scale up and down in seconds with load
Global presence: Run applications close to users worldwide
Managed services: Databases, AI and monitoring maintained by the provider
Innovation: Fast access to new technologies (AI, edge) without in-house R&D

Disadvantages

Costs can grow with uncontrolled use (cloud sprawl)
Vendor lock-in: Proprietary services make switching harder
Data protection: Data on third-party servers requires care for compliance (e.g. GDPR)
Complexity: Multi-cloud and many services need cloud expertise
Latency: For ultra-low latency, on-premise or edge may be better

Frequently Asked Questions about Cloud Computing

What is the difference between IaaS, PaaS and SaaS?

IaaS (e.g. AWS EC2, Azure VMs) gives raw infrastructure – you manage OS, runtime and app. PaaS (e.g. Heroku, Azure App Service) manages the platform – you provide code. SaaS (e.g. Salesforce, Office 365) is ready-made software – you just use it. Higher level means less to manage but less control.

How secure is the cloud?

Major providers invest heavily in security and are often more secure than typical on-premise setups. They offer encryption, DDoS protection, compliance certifications and physical security. Responsibility is shared: the provider secures infrastructure; the customer secures configuration, data and access. Many incidents are due to customer misconfiguration.

Cloud vs on-premise – which is cheaper?

Short term, cloud is often cheaper (no upfront cost). Long term, on-premise can be cheaper for stable, predictable load. For variable, growing or hard-to-plan load, cloud is usually more economical. Many companies use hybrid: stable base on-premise, peaks and new projects in the cloud.

Want to use Cloud Computing in your project?

We are happy to advise you on Cloud Computing and find the optimal solution for your requirements. Benefit from our experience across over 200 projects.

Learn more Get free consultation

Back to IT Glossary