PHP
PHP (PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) is a server-side scripting language designed for web development and used on over 75% of all websites with known server technology.
PHP is one of the most widely used programming languages on the web. Despite criticism of earlier versions, PHP 8.x has evolved into a modern, performant language with type safety, JIT compilation and clean syntax. WordPress, Laravel, Drupal and Magento – some of the world’s most successful web platforms – are built on PHP. For many web projects PHP remains the most pragmatic and cost-effective choice.
What is PHP?
PHP (recursive acronym for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) is an open-source scripting language used primarily for server-side web development. PHP runs on the server and generates HTML sent to the browser. It has native support for databases (MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite), sessions, file system and HTTP. Since PHP 8.0 it has named arguments, union types, attributes, fibres (coroutines) and a JIT compiler. The ecosystem includes Laravel and Symfony, the Composer package manager with 300,000+ packages and CMSs like WordPress, which powers over 40% of all websites.
How does PHP work?
When a browser requests a PHP page, the web server (Apache or Nginx) passes the request to the PHP interpreter. The interpreter runs the PHP code, queries the database, reads templates and produces HTML output. Modern PHP apps use frameworks like Laravel with MVC, routing, ORM (Eloquent), templates (Blade) and dependency injection. PHP-FPM manages worker processes for parallel requests. Opcache caches compiled bytecode to avoid repeated parsing.
Practical Examples
WordPress: The world’s most used CMS is built on PHP and runs millions of blogs, corporate sites and shops (WooCommerce).
Laravel web app: A business portal with Eloquent ORM, Blade templates, queue processing and REST API for a mobile app.
Magento/Adobe Commerce: Enterprise e-commerce for large shops with complex products and multi-store.
API backend with Symfony: High-performance API backend for an SPA with DDD and event sourcing.
Drupal enterprise portal: Content management for large organizations with multilingual content, workflows and permissions.
Typical Use Cases
Content management: WordPress, Drupal and Joomla cover the majority of CMS needs
E-commerce: WooCommerce, Magento and Shopware provide powerful shop solutions on PHP
REST APIs: Laravel and Symfony are well suited to modern API-first architectures
Legacy maintenance: Many existing web applications are PHP-based and need maintenance and modernization
Rapid prototyping: PHP’s low barrier and wide hosting support enable quick results
Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages
- Huge ecosystem: WordPress, Laravel, Symfony and thousands of packages via Composer
- Easy hosting: PHP runs on almost every web server and is available on cheap hosting
- Fast development: Laravel offers excellent developer experience with Artisan CLI, Eloquent and Blade
- Large community: Millions of developers, extensive documentation and countless tutorials
- Modern PHP 8.x: JIT, type safety, enums and pattern matching make PHP current
Disadvantages
- Legacy image: Older PHP (< 7) had design issues that still affect the language’s image
- Inconsistent standard library: Historical function names and parameter order are uneven
- Not ideal for real-time: PHP is request-response oriented and less suited to WebSocket or streaming
- Performance limits: For compute-heavy tasks languages like Go or Rust are faster
Frequently Asked Questions about PHP
Is PHP still relevant in 2026?
What is better: PHP or Node.js?
Should I still choose PHP for a new project?
Related Terms
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