Agile Development
Iterative approach to software development with short cycles, regular feedback and continuous improvement – instead of rigid planning and long waterfall phases.
Agile development has fundamentally changed the software industry. Instead of long planning phases and rigid specification structures, the agile approach uses short development cycles, close collaboration with the customer and willingness to adapt to change. Since the Agile Manifesto in 2001, this approach has become the de facto standard for professional software development.
What is Agile Development?
Agile development is an umbrella term for methods and frameworks (Scrum, Kanban, XP) that develop software iteratively in short cycles (sprints). At its heart is the Agile Manifesto with four values: individuals and interactions over processes and tools, working software over comprehensive documentation, customer collaboration over contract negotiation, and responding to change over following a plan. Instead of specifying everything up front, working increments are delivered in iterations of 1–4 weeks, reviewed and commented on by the customer. The result is software that actually meets needs – not an outdated specification.
How does Agile Development work?
An agile project starts with a vision and a prioritised product backlog – a list of requirements (user stories) ordered by business value. In each sprint (typically 2 weeks) the team selects the most important stories and turns them into working software. At the end of the sprint the result is shown to the customer in the sprint review. In the retrospective the team reflects on its process and identifies improvements. The product owner continuously reprioritises the backlog based on feedback, market changes and new insights. The project can change direction at any time without major replanning.
Practical Examples
A startup builds an MVP in 4 sprints, tests with early adopters and adjusts the roadmap based on real user feedback – instead of developing in isolation for 6 months.
A mid-size company modernises its ERP step by step: each sprint delivers a working module that can be used in production while the old system continues in parallel.
An e-commerce company improves its shop in weekly releases based on A/B tests and user data – agile and data-driven.
A healthcare company develops a patient app iteratively with doctors and patients as reviewers in every sprint review.
Typical Use Cases
Product development with unclear or changing requirements where flexibility is critical
MVP development for startups that need to test and learn in the market quickly
Continuous evolution of existing software based on user feedback
Digitalisation projects in mid-size companies where stakeholders are brought in step by step
Complex integration projects where technical risks are validated early with prototypes
Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages
- Higher customer satisfaction through regular feedback and involvement in development
- Faster time-to-market: working software from the first sprint instead of after months
- Risk reduction through early validation and course correction in every iteration
- Higher team productivity and motivation through self-organisation and clear ownership
- Better software quality through continuous testing and refactoring
Disadvantages
- Requires active customer involvement – if unavailable, outcome quality suffers
- Scope control can be challenging when new requirements keep appearing
- Harder with fixed-price projects as total effort is less predictable up front
- Requires experienced, self-organising teams – less suitable for developers without agile experience
Frequently Asked Questions about Agile Development
What is the difference between Scrum and Kanban?
Is agile development suitable for large projects too?
What does an agile software project cost?
Related Terms
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